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The countless polyps in the colon predispose to the development of colon cancer; if the colon is not removed, the chance of colon cancer is considered to be very significant. Polyps may also grow in the stomach, duodenum, spleen, kidneys, liver, mesentery, and small bowel. In a small number of cases, polyps have also appeared in the cerebellum.
The development of polyps depends on the underlying disorder. [17] In sporadic cases of FGPs, more than 90% of patients have activating mutations in the β-catenin gene, so that they may be considered "neoplastic" polyps. [18] In familial adenomatous polyposis, the abnormality is a mutation in the APC gene, resulting in its inactivity.
Polyps are either pedunculated (attached to the intestinal wall by a stalk) or sessile (grow directly from the wall). [5] [6]: 1342 In addition to the gross appearance categorization, they are further divided by their histologic appearance as tubular adenoma which are tubular glands, villous adenoma which are long finger like projections on the surface, and tubulovillous adenoma which has ...
If adenomatous polyps are detected during this procedure, a colonoscopy is recommended. Medical societies recommend colonoscopies every ten years starting at age 50 as a necessary screening practice for colon cancer. [11] [21] The screening provides an accurate image of the intestine and also allows the removal of the polyp, if found. Once an ...
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited condition in which numerous adenomatous polyps form mainly in the epithelium of the large intestine. While these polyps start out benign , malignant transformation into colon cancer occurs when they are left untreated.
For example, adenomatous polyps in the colon may be pedunculated (lobular head with a long slender stalk) or sessile (broad base). The adenomatous proliferation is characterized by different degrees of cell dysplasia ( atypia or loss of normal differentiation of epithelium) irregular cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, stratified or ...
The colorectal adenoma is a benign glandular tumor of the colon and the rectum. It is a precursor lesion of the colorectal adenocarcinoma ( colon cancer ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They often manifest as colorectal polyps .
The polyp to cancer progression sequence is the classical model of colorectal cancer pathogenesis. [58] In this adenoma-carcinoma sequence, [59] normal epithelial cells progress to dysplastic cells such as adenomas, and then to carcinoma, by a process of progressive genetic mutation. [60]