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  2. Graphics address remapping table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_address_remapping...

    A GART is used as a means of data exchange between the main memory and video memory through which buffers (i.e. paging/swapping) of textures, polygon meshes and other data are loaded, but can also be used to expand the amount of video memory available for systems with only integrated or shared graphics (i.e. no discrete or inbuilt graphics ...

  3. Input–output memory management unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input–output_memory...

    In computing, an input–output memory management unit (IOMMU) is a memory management unit (MMU) connecting a direct-memory-access–capable (DMA-capable) I/O bus to the main memory. Like a traditional MMU, which translates CPU -visible virtual addresses to physical addresses , the IOMMU maps device-visible virtual addresses (also called device ...

  4. Render output unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Render_output_unit

    In computer graphics, the render output unit (ROP) or raster operations pipeline is a hardware component in modern graphics processing units (GPUs) and one of the final steps in the rendering process of modern graphics cards.

  5. VGA text mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGA_text_mode

    The latter method is considerably faster, and allows quick reading of the text buffer, for which reason it is preferred for advanced TUI programs. The VGA text buffer is located at physical memory address 0xB8000. [14] Since this address is usually used by 16-bit x86 processes operating in real-mode, it is also the first half of memory segment ...

  6. Memory management (operating systems) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_management...

    In operating systems, memory management is the function responsible for managing the computer's primary memory. [1]: 105–208 The memory management function keeps track of the status of each memory location, either allocated or free. It determines how memory is allocated among competing processes, deciding which gets memory, when they receive ...

  7. Memory management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_management

    Memory management (also dynamic memory management, dynamic storage allocation, or dynamic memory allocation) is a form of resource management applied to computer memory.The essential requirement of memory management is to provide ways to dynamically allocate portions of memory to programs at their request, and free it for reuse when no longer needed.

  8. Memory tester - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_tester

    They are usually in the form of a bootable software distribution on a floppy disk or CD-ROM. The diagnostic tools provide memory test patterns which are able to test all system memory in a computer. Diagnostic software cannot be used when a PC is unable to start due to memory or motherboard. While in principle a test program could report its ...

  9. Glossary of computer graphics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_computer_graphics

    A stage in a rendering pipeline, filtering out 3D models whose bounding volumes fail an intersection test with the view frustum, allowing trivial rejection. Fresnel According to Fresnel equations, surfaces show more specular reflections when viewed at near-grazing incidence. This effect is often simulated in computer graphics. FXAA