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Complications are more frequent in critically ill patients in intensive care. [22] The risk of complications from fiberoptic bronchoscopy are minimized with good training, careful technique and an ongoing dialogue with the anesthesiologist or sedationist. [9] Common complications include excessive bleeding following biopsy.
Rigid bronchoscopy is the gold standard for removal of a foreign body, however this intervention does have potential risks. [15] The most common complication from rigid bronchoscopy is damage to the patient's teeth. [15]
More invasive diagnostic techniques are then necessary, posing a greater potential for complications such as pneumothorax. [11] Patients with poor lung function may not tolerate more invasive procedures, leaving them with "watchful waiting" as their only option.
Rapid diagnosis and treatment are important in the care of TBI; [6] if the injury is not diagnosed shortly after the injury, the risk of complications is higher. [11] Bronchoscopy is the most effective method to diagnose, locate, and determine the severity of TBI, [6] [10] and it is usually the only method that allows a definitive diagnosis. [23]
Any approach to lung biopsy risks causing a pneumothorax.Careful technique can limit this risk, which ranges from less than 1% to about 10%. The precise risk of pneumothorax depends on technique and on underlying lung disease, as certain lung diseases such as COPD can increase the risk of pneumothorax.
Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage is recommended in possible cases of organizing pneumonia to rule out infection and other causes of alveolar infiltrates. [9] The bronchoalveolar lavage in organizing pneumonia shows a lymphocytic predominant inflammation of the alveoli with increases in neutrophils and eosinophils. [9]
Currently, Canada produces around 10% of cars sold in the US (approximately 225,000 units), with Mexico supplying close to 20%. Interestingly, the US actually produces more cars for Canadian ...
Flexible bronchoscopy may be used for extraction when distal access is needed and the operator is experienced in this technique. [23] Potential advantages include avoidance of general anesthesia as well as the ability to reach subsegmental bronchi which are smaller in diameter and further down the respiratory tract than the main bronchi. [23]