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  2. Role-taking theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role-taking_theory

    Robert Selman developed his developmental theory of role-taking ability based on four sources. [4] The first is the work of M. H. Feffer (1959, 1971), [5] [6] and Feffer and Gourevitch (1960), [7] which related role-taking ability to Piaget's theory of social decentering, and developed a projective test to assess children's ability to decenter as they mature. [4]

  3. History of computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing

    Eventually, the concept of numbers became concrete and familiar enough for counting to arise, at times with sing-song mnemonics to teach sequences to others. All known human languages, except the Piraha language, have words for at least the numerals "one" and "two", and even some animals like the blackbird can distinguish a surprising number of items.

  4. History of computer science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computer_science

    The earliest known tool for use in computation was the abacus, developed in the period between 2700 and 2300 BCE in Sumer. [3] The Sumerians' abacus consisted of a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system.

  5. History of artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_artificial...

    The programs developed in the years after the Dartmouth Workshop were, to most people, simply "astonishing": [i] computers were solving algebra word problems, proving theorems in geometry and learning to speak English. Few at the time would have believed that such "intelligent" behavior by machines was possible at all.

  6. Cognitive revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_revolution

    Cognitive science developed between the 1950s and 1970s as an interdisciplinary field composed primarily of aspects of psychology, linguistics, and computer science. However, both classical symbolic computational theories and connectionist models developed largely independently of biological considerations.

  7. History of software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_software

    The first known computer algorithm was written by Ada Lovelace in the 19th century for the Analytical Engine, to translate Luigi Menabrea's work on Bernoulli numbers for machine instruction. [3] However, this remained theoretical only - the lesser state of engineering in the lifetime of these two mathematicians proved insufficient [ citation ...

  8. Milestones: A look back at AOL's 35 year history as an ...

    www.aol.com/news/2020-05-25-a-look-back-at-aols...

    America Online CEO Stephen M. Case, left, and Time Warner CEO Gerald M. Levin listen to senators' opening statements during a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on the merger of the two ...

  9. List of pioneers in computer science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pioneers_in...

    Developed an early fully transistorized computer, the Mailüfterl. Crucial in the creation of the formal definition of the programming language PL/I. 1938, 1945 Zuse, Konrad: Built the first digital freely programmable computer, the Z1. Built the first functional program-controlled computer, the Z3 in 1941. [59]