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Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...
It attributes addiction to a chemical imbalance in an individual's brain associated with genetics or environmental factors. [ 3 ] The other model is the choice model of addiction , which contends that addiction is a result of voluntary actions rather than brain dysfunction. [ 4 ]
Drug rehabilitation is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines.
In 2011, "Nearly 1 in 12 high school seniors reported nonmedical use of Vicodin; 1 in 20 reported such use of OxyContin." [ 20 ] Both of these drugs contain opioids . Fentanyl is an opioid that is 100 times more potent than morphine, and 50 times more potent than heroin. [ 21 ]
In Ontario specifically, the disease burden of mental illness and addiction is 1.5 times higher than all cancers together and over 7 times that of all infectious diseases. [82] Across the country, the ethnic group that is statistically the most impacted by substance use disorders compared to the general population are the Indigenous peoples of ...
The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) is a self-reporting tool that measures problematic substance use. [78] Responses to this test are recorded as yes or no answers, and scored as a number between zero and 28. Drug abuse or dependence, are indicated by a cut off score of 6. [78]
Women drinking during pregnancy can cause a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The effects of alcohol has on the body. Alcohol dependence is a previous (DSM-IV and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol (also chemically known as ethanol).
A psychoactive drug, mind-altering drug, or consciousness-altering drug is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior. [1] The term psychotropic drug is often used interchangeably, while some sources present narrower definitions.