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Signs and symptoms. Left atrial enlargement can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the extent of the underlying condition. Although other factors may contribute, left atrium size has been found to be a predictor of mortality due to both cardiovascular issues as well as all-cause mortality. Research suggests that left atrium size as ...
Wellens' syndrome is an electrocardiographic manifestation of critical proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery stenosis in people with unstable angina. Originally thought of as two separate types, A and B, it is now considered an evolving wave form, initially of biphasic T wave inversions and later becoming symmetrical, often ...
P-wave changes in left and right atrial hypertrophy. Bifid P waves (known as P mitrale) indicate left-atrial abnormality - e.g. dilatation [6] or hypertrophy. [1] If at least three different shaped P waves can be seen in a given ECG lead tracing, this implies that even if one of them arises from the SA node, at least two others are arising ...
Premature atrial contraction (PAC), also known as atrial premature complexes (APC) or atrial premature beats (APB), are a common cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by premature heartbeats originating in the atria. While the sinoatrial node typically regulates the heartbeat during normal sinus rhythm, PACs occur when another region of the atria ...
Multifocal atrial tachycardia is characterized by an electrocardiogram (ECG) strip with three or more discrete P wave morphologies in the same lead, not including that originating from the sinoatrial node, plus tachycardia, which is a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute (although some suggest using a threshold of 90 beats per minute ...
Avoidance of AV-nodal-blocking medication. First-degree atrioventricular block (AV block) is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart in which electrical impulses conduct from the cardiac atria to the ventricles through the atrioventricular node (AV node) more slowly than normal. First degree AV block does not generally cause ...
The left atrial volume is commonly measured by echocardiography or magnetic resonance tomography. It is calculated from biplane recordings with the equation: where A 4 c and A 2 c denote LA areas in 4- and 2-chamber views respectively, and L corresponds to the shortest long-axis length measured in either views. [1]
Cardiology. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a form of cardiomyopathy in which the walls of the heart are rigid (but not thickened). [2][3] Thus the heart is restricted from stretching and filling with blood properly. It is the least common of the three original subtypes of cardiomyopathy: hypertrophic, dilated, and restrictive.