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The cone penetration or cone penetrometer test (CPT) is a method used to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of soils and delineating soil stratigraphy. It was initially developed in the 1950s at the Dutch Laboratory for Soil Mechanics in Delft to investigate soft soils. Based on this history it has also been called the "Dutch ...
The Fall cone test, also called the cone penetrometer test or the Vasiljev cone test, is an alternative method to the Casagrande method for measuring the Liquid Limit of a soil sample proposed in 1942 by the Russian researcher Piotr Vasiljev (Russian: Пё́тр Васи́льев) and first mentioned in the Russian standard GOST 5184 from 1949.
A dynamic cone penetrometer test is an in situ test in which a weight is manually lifted and dropped on a cone which penetrates the ground. the number of mm per hit are recorded and this is used to estimate certain soil properties. This is a simple test method and usually needs backing up with lab data to get a good correlation.
The standard penetration test (SPT) is an in-situ dynamic penetration test designed to provide information on the geotechnical engineering properties of soil. This test is the most frequently used subsurface exploration drilling test performed worldwide. The test procedure is described in ISO 22476-3, ASTM D1586 [1] and Australian Standards AS ...
The Atterberg limits are a basic measure of the critical water contents of a fine-grained soil: its shrinkage limit, plastic limit, and liquid limit. Depending on its water content, soil may appear in one of four states: solid, semi-solid, plastic and liquid. In each state, the consistency and behavior of soil are different, and consequently so ...
Penetrometers are used for objective evaluation of food products. Penetrometers, equipped with a plunger and a needle or cone, penetrate food samples through gravitational force for a selected period of time. The distance the test device penetrates into the sample is measured to determine the relative tenderness of the samples such as baked ...
A direct shear test is a laboratory or field test used by geotechnical engineers to measure the shear strength properties of soil [1][2] or rock [2] material, or of discontinuities in soil or rock masses. [2][3] The U.S. and U.K. standards defining how the test should be performed are ASTM D 3080, AASHTO T236 and BS 1377-7:1990, respectively.
The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is a measure of the strength of the subgrade of a road or other paved area, and of the materials used in its construction. The ratio is measured using a standardized penetration test first developed by the California Division of Highways for highway engineering. [1] Empirical tests measure the strength of the ...