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  2. Counterfactual thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfactual_thinking

    The counterfactual thoughts for silver medalists tend to focus on how close they are to the gold medal, displaying upward counterfactual thinking, whereas bronze medalists tend to counterfactually think about how they could have not received a medal at all, displaying downward counterfactual thinking. [48] Another example is the satisfaction of ...

  3. Frankfurt cases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_cases

    Frankfurt's examples are significant because they suggest an alternative way to defend the compatibility of moral responsibility and determinism, in particular by rejecting the first premise of the argument. According to this view, responsibility is compatible with determinism because responsibility does not require the freedom to do otherwise.

  4. ‘I’m a Psychotherapist, and This Is How To Use Thought ...

    www.aol.com/m-psychotherapist-thought-flipping...

    “For example, switching your negative thought from, ‘This meeting with my boss is going to go horribly,’ to the alternative thought, ‘This meeting is important and I am hopeful that it ...

  5. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Gerd Gigerenzer has criticized the framing of cognitive biases as errors in judgment, and favors interpreting them as arising from rational deviations from logical thought. [ 6 ] Explanations include information-processing rules (i.e., mental shortcuts), called heuristics , that the brain uses to produce decisions or judgments.

  6. Six Thinking Hats - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Thinking_Hats

    Six Thinking Hats was written by Dr. Edward de Bono. "Six Thinking Hats" and the associated idea of parallel thinking provide a means for groups to plan thinking processes in a detailed and cohesive way, and in doing so to think together more effectively.

  7. The 3rd Alternative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_3rd_Alternative

    The 3rd Alternative: Solving Life's Most Difficult Problems, published in 2011, is a self-help book by Stephen Covey, also the author of The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. In it, he takes a more detailed look at habit six from that book, "synergize". [ 1 ]

  8. Perspective-taking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective-taking

    Perspective-taking is the act of perceiving a situation or understanding a concept from an alternative point of view, such as that of another individual. [1]A vast amount of scientific literature suggests that perspective-taking is crucial to human development [2] and that it may lead to a variety of beneficial outcomes.

  9. Cognitive reframing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_reframing

    For example, when an individual exhibits hindsight bias, they are unconsciously changing their frame of reference to retain pride and self-esteem [7] Though the need to negatively reframe thoughts is arguably not as frequent as the need to positively reframe them, there are instances in which it is beneficial to negatively reframe thoughts. For ...