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Color blindness may be a side effect of prescription drug use. For example, red–green color blindness can be caused by ethambutol, a drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis. [48] Blue–yellow color blindness can be caused by sildenafil, an active component of Viagra. [49]
An Ishihara test image as seen by subjects with normal color vision and by those with a variety of color deficiencies. A pseudoisochromatic plate (from Greek pseudo, meaning "false", iso, meaning "same" and chromo, meaning "color"), often abbreviated as PIP, is a style of standard exemplified by the Ishihara test, generally used for screening of color vision defects.
The Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision test is a color vision test often used to test for color blindness.The system was developed by Dean Farnsworth in the 1940s and it tests the ability to isolate and arrange minute differences in various color targets with constant value and chroma that cover all the visual hues described by the Munsell color system. [1]
Males are more likely to inherit red–green color blindness than females, because the genes for the relevant opsins are on the X chromosome. [1] Screening for congenital red–green color blindness is typically performed with the Ishihara or similar color vision test. [1] It is a lifelong condition, and has no known cure or treatment. [1]
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Protanopia is a severe form of red-green color blindness, in which the L-cone is absent. It is sex-linked and affects about 1% of males. Colors of confusion include blue/purple and green/yellow. [2] Deuteranopia is a severe form of red-green color blindness, in which the M-cone is absent. It is sex-linked and affects about 1% of males.
Cerebral achromatopsia is a type of color blindness caused by damage to the cerebral cortex of the brain, rather than abnormalities in the cells of the eye's retina.It is often confused with congenital achromatopsia but the underlying physiological deficits of the disorders are completely distinct.
For example, red-white is said to be "red-green", or green-white is called "green-red". The second is when a pair of lights of the same color but differing in brightness by 50% is displayed, the brighter identical color is said to be "white". For example, green(dim)-green(bright) is called "green-white".