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For precise applications, many coordinate systems have been defined for the Moon, each with a slightly different prime meridian. The IAU recommends the "mean Earth/polar axis" system, [ 1 ] in which the prime meridian is the average direction (from the Moon's center) of the Earth's center.
Selenography is the study of the surface and physical features of the Moon (also known as geography of the Moon, or selenodesy). [1] Like geography and areography , selenography is a subdiscipline within the field of planetary science .
The Pre-Nectarian period is defined from the point at which the lunar crust formed, to the time of the Nectaris impact event. Nectaris is a multi-ring impact basin that formed on the near side of the Moon, and its ejecta blanket serves as a useful stratigraphic marker. 30 impact basins from this period are recognized, the oldest of which is the South Pole–Aitken basin.
Lunar north polar region mosaic by LRO.The north pole is in the center. The lunar north pole is the point in the Northern Hemisphere of the Moon where the lunar axis of rotation meets its surface.
Chart of lunar maria with lines of longitude and latitude. The prime meridian is the centre of the near side of the Moon.. A planetary coordinate system (also referred to as planetographic, planetodetic, or planetocentric) [1] [2] is a generalization of the geographic, geodetic, and the geocentric coordinate systems for planets other than Earth.
Maurolycus crater and its satellite craters taken from Earth in 2012 at the University of Hertfordshire's Bayfordbury Observatory with the telescopes Meade LX200 14" and Lumenera Skynyx 2-1. By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Maurolycus.
Like most of the other maria on the Moon, Mare Serenitatis was named by Giovanni Riccioli, whose 1651 nomenclature system has become standardized. [6] Previously, William Gilbert had cited it as within the Regio Magna Occidentalis ("Large Western Region") in his map of c.1600. [7]
In the cylindrical coordinate system, a z-coordinate with the same meaning as in Cartesian coordinates is added to the r and θ polar coordinates giving a triple (r, θ, z). [8] Spherical coordinates take this a step further by converting the pair of cylindrical coordinates ( r , z ) to polar coordinates ( ρ , φ ) giving a triple ( ρ , θ ...