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The Scramble for Africa [a] was the conquest and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century in the era of "New Imperialism": Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
The reasons why the British government sent a fleet of ships to the coast of Alexandria is a point of historical debate. In their 1961 essay Africa and the Victorians, Ronald Robinson and John Gallagher argue that the British invasion was ordered to quell the perceived anarchy of the ‘Urabi Revolt, as well as to protect British control over the Suez Canal in order to maintain its shipping ...
While the British sought to follow a process of gradual transfer of power and thus independence, the French policy of assimilation faced some resentment, especially in North Africa. [22] The granting of independence in March 1956 to Morocco and Tunisia allowed a concentration on Algeria where there was a long ( 1954–62 ) and bloody armed ...
Lord Chelmsford, the Commander-in-Chief of British forces during the war, initially planned a five-pronged invasion of Zululand composed of over 16,500 troops in five columns and designed to encircle the Zulu army and force it to fight as he was concerned that the Zulus would avoid battle. The Zulu capital, Ulundi, was about 80 miles inside ...
Most of the fighting was done by Hausa soldiers, recruited to fight against other groups. The superior weapons, tactics, and political unity of the British are commonly given as reasons for their decisive ultimate victory. [38] [39] In 1892, the British Armed Forces set out to fight the Ijebu Kingdom, which had resisted missionaries and foreign ...
The British government was concerned that the Zulu victory could inspire imperial unrest, particularly among the Boers, and as such sought to quash any such possibilities by swiftly defeating the Zulu Kingdom. [115] [113] [116] After Isandlwana, the British field army in South Africa was heavily reinforced and again invaded Zululand.
General Baimungi, one of the last Mau Mau leaders, was killed shortly after Kenya attained self-rule. [13] The KLFA failed to capture wide public support. [14] Frank Füredi, in The Mau Mau War in Perspective, suggests this was due to a British divide and rule strategy, [15] which they had developed in suppressing the Malayan Emergency (1948 ...
The British Government sought to increase control in southern Africa by uniting all the states of the region into a Confederation under the overall rule of the British Empire, the same policy that was successfully applied to Canada. This Confederation scheme required that the remaining independent Black States be annexed; a frontier war was ...