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The computer graphics pipeline, also known as the rendering pipeline, or graphics pipeline, is a framework within computer graphics that outlines the necessary procedures for transforming a three-dimensional (3D) scene into a two-dimensional (2D) representation on a screen. [1]
Computer-generated image created by Gilles Tran. Following is a list of notable software, computer programs, used to develop a mathematical representation of any three dimensional surface of objects, as 3D computer graphics, also called 3D modeling.
Some transformations that are non-linear on an n-dimensional Euclidean space R n can be represented as linear transformations on the n+1-dimensional space R n+1. These include both affine transformations (such as translation) and projective transformations. For this reason, 4×4 transformation matrices are widely used in 3D computer graphics.
For example, a tall wall or building that occludes other game entities can save GPU time that would otherwise be spent transforming and texturing items in the rear areas of the scene; and a tightly integrated software program can use this same information to save CPU time by optimizing out game logic for objects that aren't seen by the player.
These APIs for 3D computer graphics are particularly popular: ANGLE, web browsers graphics engine, a cross-platform translator of OpenGL ES calls to DirectX, OpenGL, or Vulkan API calls. Direct3D (a subset of DirectX) Glide a defunct 3D graphics API developed by 3dfx Interactive. Mantle developed by AMD. Metal developed by Apple.
If the normal of the viewing plane (the camera direction) is parallel to one of the primary axes (which is the x, y, or z axis), the mathematical transformation is as follows; To project the 3D point , , onto the 2D point , using an orthographic projection parallel to the y axis (where positive y represents forward direction - profile view ...
3-D computer graphics software began appearing for home computers in the late 1970s. The earliest known example is 3D Art Graphics, a set of 3-D computer graphics effects, written by Kazumasa Mitazawa and released in June 1978 for the Apple II. [6] [7] Virtual Reality 3D is a version of 3D computer graphics. [8]
PictureMaker (Cubicomp) was another pioneering 3D computer graphics software package for x86-based personal computers. Pixie is an open-source photorealistic renderer. Poser (Bondware) Poser is a 3D rendering and animation computer program optimized for models that depict the human figure in three-dimensional form and is specialized for ...