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Chaturaji (meaning "four kings") is a four-player chess-like game. It was first described in detail c. 1030 by Al-Biruni in his book India . [ 1 ] Originally, this was a game of chance: the pieces to be moved were decided by rolling two dice.
Chess set from Rajasthan, India. Chaturanga (Sanskrit: चतुरङ्ग, IAST: caturaṅga, pronounced [tɕɐtuˈɾɐŋɡɐ]) is an ancient Indian strategy board game.It is first known from India around the seventh century AD.
Although the modern game of chess had not been invented at the time the list was made, earlier chess-like games such as chaturaji may have existed. H. J. R. Murray refers to Rhys Davids' 1899 translation, noting that the 8×8 board game is most likely ashtapada while the 10×10 game is dasapada. He states that both are race games. [6]
c. 1030 – Al-Biruni's India describes the game of chaturaji. 1148 – Kalhana's Rajatarangini (translated by MA Stein, 1900) The King, though he had taken two kings (Lothana and Vigraharaja) was helpless and perplexed about the attack on the remaining one, just as a player of chess (who has taken two Kings and is perplexed about taking a third).
Cox's illustration of the "ancient Hindoo game of chess" (1801). The Cox–Forbes theory is a long-debunked theory on the evolution of chess put forward by Captain Hiram Cox (1760–1799) [1] and extended by Professor Duncan Forbes (1798–1868).
The Taḥqīq mā li-l-hind min maqūlah maqbūlah fī al-ʿaql aw mardhūlah (c. 1030) of al-Biruni, an encyclopedia of Indian culture, contains a description of chaturaji, a four-player chess-like game played with dice, which al-Biruni claims was unknown among the Arabs of his time. Either a four-sided rectangular die or a six-sided cubic die ...
Chaturaji: Four-handed version of chaturanga, played with dice. Chaturanga : An ancient East Indian game, presumed to be the common ancestor of chess and other national chess-related games. Courier chess : Played in Europe from 13th to 19th century.
Enochian chess is a four-player chess variant, similar to chaturaji, associated with the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.The name comes from the Enochian system of magic of Dr. John Dee (magus and astrologer to Elizabeth I), which was later adapted by Victorian members of the Golden Dawn into "a complete system of training and initiation".