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A solution in radicals or algebraic solution is an expression of a solution of a polynomial equation that is algebraic, that is, relies only on addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to integer powers, and extraction of n th roots (square roots, cube roots, etc.). A well-known example is the quadratic formula
If we solve this equation, we find that x = 2. More generally, we find that + + + + is the positive real root of the equation x 3 − x − n = 0 for all n > 0. For n = 1, this root is the plastic ratio ρ, approximately equal to 1.3247.
An example of using Newton–Raphson method to solve numerically the equation f(x) = 0. In mathematics, to solve an equation is to find its solutions, which are the values (numbers, functions, sets, etc.) that fulfill the condition stated by the equation, consisting generally of two expressions related by an equals sign.
The solutions of this equation are the x-values of the critical points and are given, using the quadratic formula, by =. The sign of the expression Δ 0 = b 2 – 3ac inside the square root determines the number of critical points. If it is positive, then there are two critical points, one is a local maximum, and the other is a local minimum.
A similar but more complicated method works for cubic equations, which have three resolvents and a quadratic equation (the "resolving polynomial") relating and , which one can solve by the quadratic equation, and similarly for a quartic equation (degree 4), whose resolving polynomial is a cubic, which can in turn be solved. [14]
An unresolved root, especially one using the radical symbol, is sometimes referred to as a surd [2] or a radical. [3] Any expression containing a radical, whether it is a square root, a cube root, or a higher root, is called a radical expression , and if it contains no transcendental functions or transcendental numbers it is called an algebraic ...