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The HP-65 is the first magnetic card-programmable handheld calculator. Introduced by Hewlett-Packard in 1974 at an MSRP of $795 [1] (equivalent to $4,912 in 2023) [2], it featured nine storage registers and room for 100 keystroke instructions. It also included a magnetic card reader/writer to save and load programs.
HP has never made another calculator specifically for programmers, [2] but has incorporated many of the HP-16C's functions in later scientific and graphing calculators, for example the HP-42S (1988) and its successors. Like many other vintage HP calculators, the HP-16C is now highly sought-after by collectors. [14]
The card reader could read magnetic cards from the earlier model HP-67. HP-67 programs were translated into HP-41C instructions, as the HP-67 and HP-41 share the same programming model and operation stack. Some instructions however were specific to the HP-67, and the card reader provided additional instructions to emulate the 67.
Use memory buttons to ensure that operations are applied in the correct order. Use the special buttons ± and 1/x, that do not correspond to operations in the formula, for non-commutative operators. Mistakes can be hard to spot because: For the above reasons, the sequence of button presses may bear little resemblance to the original formula.
For use with a shorter keyboard or laptop which omits the numberpad Bluetooth numeric keypad, working also as calculator. A numeric keypad, number pad, numpad, or ten key, [1] [2] [3] is the palm-sized, usually-17-key section of a standard computer keyboard, usually on the far right. It provides calculator-style efficiency for entering numbers.
The card-programmed calculators used fields on punched cards not to specify the actual operations to be performed on data, but which "microprogram" hard-coded onto the plugboard of the IBM 604 or 605 calculator machine; a set of cards produced different results when used with different plugboards. The units could be configured to retain up to ...
Programmable calculators allow the user to write and store programs in the calculator in order to solve difficult problems or automate an elaborate procedure. Programming capability appears most commonly (although not exclusively) in graphing calculators , as the larger screen allows multiple lines of source code to be viewed simultaneously (i ...
TI's long-running TI-30 series being one of the most widely used scientific calculators in classrooms. Casio, Canon, and Sharp, produced their graphing calculators, with Casio's FX series (beginning with the Casio FX-1 in 1972 [9]). Casio was the first company to produce a Graphing calculator (Casio fx-7000G).