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Thomson's problem is related to the 7th of the eighteen unsolved mathematics problems proposed by the mathematician Steve Smale — "Distribution of points on the 2-sphere". [2] The main difference is that in Smale's problem the function to minimise is not the electrostatic potential 1 r i j {\displaystyle 1 \over r_{ij}} but a logarithmic ...
Also, gravitational forces are much weaker than electrostatic forces. [2] Coulomb's law can be used to derive Gauss's law , and vice versa. In the case of a single point charge at rest, the two laws are equivalent, expressing the same physical law in different ways. [ 6 ]
The method of image charges (also known as the method of images and method of mirror charges) is a basic problem-solving tool in electrostatics.The name originates from the replacement of certain elements in the original layout with fictitious charges, which replicates the boundary conditions of the problem (see Dirichlet boundary conditions or Neumann boundary conditions).
Therefore, the electrostatic field everywhere inside a conductive object is zero, and the electrostatic potential is constant. The electric field, E {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} } , in units of Newtons per Coulomb or volts per meter, is a vector field that can be defined everywhere, except at the location of point charges (where it diverges to ...
Electrostatic discharge while fueling with gasoline is a present danger at gas stations. [24] Fires have also been started at airports while refueling aircraft with kerosene. New grounding technologies, the use of conducting materials, and the addition of anti-static additives help to prevent or safely dissipate the buildup of static electricity.
An electrostatic charge builds up on clothes due to the triboelectric effect when pieces of fabric rub against each other, as happens particularly in a clothes dryer. The separate positive and negatively charged surfaces attract each other. It is especially noticeable when humidity is low, allowing static electricity to build up.
An important step was around 1663 when Otto von Guericke invented [20] a machine that could automate triboelectric charge generation, making it much easier to produce more tribocharge; other electrostatic generators followed. [16] For instance, shown in the Figure is an electrostatic generator built by Francis Hauksbee the Younger.
It is usually cited in reference to magnetic fields, but was first applied to electrostatic field. Earnshaw's theorem applies to classical inverse-square law forces (electric and gravitational) and also to the magnetic forces of permanent magnets, if the magnets are