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Kt/V (in the context of peritoneal dialysis) was developed by Michael J. Lysaght in a series of articles on peritoneal dialysis. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The steady-state solution of a simplified mass transfer equation that is used to describe the mass exchange over a semi-permeable membrane and models peritoneal dialysis is
S and V differ markedly between small vs. large people and between men and women. A man and a woman of the same S will have similar levels of GFR, but their values for V may differ by 15-20%. Because standardized Kt/V incorporates residual renal function into the calculations, it makes the assumption that kidney function should scale by V.
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a type of dialysis that uses the peritoneum in a person's abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged with the blood. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is used to remove excess fluid, correct electrolyte problems , and remove toxins in those with kidney failure . [ 3 ]
In the United States, acute failure affects about 3 per 1,000 people a year. [8] Chronic failure affects about 1 in 1,000 people with 3 per 10,000 people newly developing the condition each year. [1] [10] In Canada, the lifetime risk of kidney failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was estimated to be 2.66% for men and 1.76% for women. [11]
[19] [20] Severe disease requires hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant for survival. [9] Chronic kidney disease affected 753 million people globally in 2016 (417 million females and 336 million males.) [1] [21] In 2015, it caused 1.2 million deaths, up from 409,000 in 1990.
This is a table of volume of distribution (V d) for various medication. For comparison, those with a V d L/kg body weight of less than 0.2 are mainly distributed in blood plasma , 0.2-0.7 mostly in the extracellular fluid and those with more than 0.7 are distributed throughout total body water.
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