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Livor mortis (from Latin līvor 'bluish color, bruise' and mortis 'of death'), postmortem lividity (from Latin post mortem 'after death' and lividitas 'black and blueness'), hypostasis (from Greek ὑπό (hypo) 'under, beneath' and στάσις (stasis) 'a standing') [1] [2] or suggillation, is the second stage of death and one of the signs of ...
Rigor mortis, the limbs of the corpse become stiff (Latin rigor) and difficult to move or manipulate; Putrefaction, the beginning signs of decomposition; Of these, with obvious mortal damage to the body, the textbook conclusive signs of death clear to a lay person are: algor mortis, rigor mortis, livor mortis, and putrefaction. [13]
Timeline of postmortem changes (stages of death), with skeletonization near right side. In a temperate climate, it usually requires three weeks to several years for a body to completely decompose into a skeleton, depending on factors such as temperature, humidity, presence of insects, and submergence in a substrate such as water. [3]
A fresh pig carcass. At this stage the remains are usually intact and free of insects. The corpse progresses through algor mortis (a reduction in body temperature until ambient temperature is reached), rigor mortis (the temporary stiffening of the limbs due to chemical changes in the muscles), and livor mortis (pooling of the blood on the side of the body that is closest to the ground).
Since blood is no longer being pumped through the body, gravity causes it to drain to the dependent portions of the body, creating an overall bluish-purple discoloration termed livor mortis or, more commonly, lividity. Depending on the position of the body, these parts would vary.
1–2 days: Pallor mortis, algor mortis, rigor mortis, and livor mortis are the first steps in the process of decomposition before the process of putrefaction. 2–3 days: Discoloration appears on the skin of the abdomen. The abdomen begins to swell due to gas formation. 3–4 days: The discoloration spreads and discolored veins become visible.
Livor mortis – settling of the blood in the lower (dependent) portion of the body; Algor mortis – reduction in body temperature following death. This is generally a steady decline until matching ambient temperature; Rigor mortis – limbs of the corpse become stiff (Latin rigor) and difficult to move or manipulate
[2] [6] Early post-mortem changes, used by pathologists as medical markers for early post-mortem interval estimations, have been described by Goff and include livor mortis, rigor mortis and algor mortis. The first insects to arrive at decomposing remains are usually Calliphoridae, commonly referred to as blow flies. These flies have been ...