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The following example is done in Ada which supports both early exit from loops and loops with test in the middle. Both features are very similar and comparing both code snippets will show the difference: early exit must be combined with an if statement while a condition in the middle is a self-contained construct.
Common among these are the break and continue statements found in C and its derivatives. The break statement causes the innermost loop to be terminated immediately when executed. The continue statement will move at once to the next iteration without further progress through the loop body for the current iteration.
Switch statements function somewhat similarly to the if statement used in programming languages like C/C++, C#, Visual Basic .NET, Java and exist in most high-level imperative programming languages such as Pascal, Ada, C/C++, C#, [1]: 374–375 Visual Basic .NET, Java, [2]: 157–167 and in many other types of language, using such keywords as ...
a continue not contained within a nested iteration statement is the same as goto cont. The break statement is used to end a for loop, while loop, do loop, or switch statement. Control passes to the statement following the terminated statement. A function returns to its caller by the return statement.
Calling f with a regular function argument first applies this function to the value 2, then returns 3. However, when f is passed to call/cc (as in the last line of the example), applying the parameter (the continuation) to 2 forces execution of the program to jump to the point where call/cc was called, and causes call/cc to return the value 2.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 1 February 2025. General-purpose programming language "C programming language" redirects here. For the book, see The C Programming Language. Not to be confused with C++ or C#. C Logotype used on the cover of the first edition of The C Programming Language Paradigm Multi-paradigm: imperative (procedural ...
For example, in user-interface (UI) programming, a routine can set up dialog box fields and pass these, along with a continuation function, to the UI framework. This call returns right away, allowing the application code to continue while the user interacts with the dialog box.
For example, instead of testing whether x equals 1.1, one might test whether (x <= 1.0), or (x < 1.1), either of which would be certain to exit after a finite number of iterations. Another way to fix this particular example would be to use an integer as a loop index, counting the number of iterations that have been performed.