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The actual voltage, matching the car battery's voltage, will be approximately 12.5 volts when dormant (less in cold conditions), approximately 14.5 volts when the engine and the alternator/generator are operating (more when cold), and may briefly drop as low as 5–6 volts during engine start due to the high temporary battery current usage. [12]
A battery charger, recharger, or simply charger, [1] [2] is a device that stores energy in an electric battery by running current through it. The charging protocol—how much voltage and current, for how long and what to do when charging is complete—depends on the size and type of the battery being charged.
Example energy flows for a late-model midsize passenger car: (a) urban driving; (b) highway driving. Source: U.S. Department of Energy . Automobile accessory power can be transferred by several different means. However, it is always ultimately derived from the automobile's internal combustion engine, battery, or other "prime mover" source of ...
The polarity for 12 V DC sockets is center pin positive (+), outer collar negative (−). Reversed polarity will damage some electronic devices. Although the nominal voltage of a 12 V lead acid battery is 12 V DC, when the engine is running the car's battery charging system will bring the system voltage to 13.8 V DC or higher. [10]
A typical 12 V, 40 Ah lead-acid car battery. An automotive battery, or car battery, is a rechargeable battery that is used to start a motor vehicle.. Its main purpose is to provide an electric current to the electric-powered starting motor, which in turn starts the chemically-powered internal combustion engine that actually propels the vehicle.
Battery chargers may be strictly manual, or may include controls for time and charging voltage. Battery chargers that apply a high voltage (for example, more than 14.4 volts on a 12-volt nominal system) will result in the emission of hydrogen gas from the battery, which may damage it or create an explosion risk.