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In 2005, 4 million cases of PCOS were reported in the US, costing $4.36 billion in healthcare costs. [178] In 2016 out of the National Institute Health's research budget of $32.3 billion for that year, 0.1% was spent on PCOS research. [179] Among women aged between 14 and 44, PCOS is conservatively estimated to cost $4.37 billion per year. [26]
Shastri explains that PCOS can cause bodily changes, such as excess facial and body hair, acne and obesity, which can be a tremendous psychological burden, affecting body image, self-esteem and ...
Though surgery is not commonly performed, the polycystic ovaries can be treated with a laparoscopic procedure called "ovarian drilling" (puncture of 4-10 small follicles with electrocautery), which often results in either resumption of spontaneous ovulations or ovulations after adjuvant treatment with clomiphene or FSH. [14]
Progestin treatment with desogestrel and norgestimate appears to have fewer androgenic side effects and may be safer to use in persons with abnormal lipid levels or hirsutism. [4] Other proposed treatments include antiandrogenic medications, [ 15 ] spironolactone [ 11 ] (in combination with oral contraceptives to prevent menstrual cycle ...
Ovarian drilling and ovarian wedge resection are treatment options to reduce the amount of androgen producing tissue in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). [4] PCOS is the primary cause of anovulation, which results in female infertility. [5] The induction of mono-ovulatory cycles can restore fertility. [6]
Insulin resistance in women with PCOS is typically treated with insulin-sensitizer drugs such as metformin. Metformin can help to decrease weight and androgen levels. [72] When combined with lifestyle modifications (changes in diet and exercise), it has been linked with lower body mass index and a reduction in menstrual problems. [72]