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The name Judea is a Greek and Roman adaptation of the name "Judah", which originally encompassed the territory of the Israelite tribe of that name and later of the ancient Kingdom of Judah. Nimrud Tablet K.3751, dated c. 733 BCE, is the earliest known record of the name Judah (written in Assyrian cuneiform as Yaudaya or KUR.ia-ú-da-a-a).
The history of ancient Israel and Judah spans from the early appearance of the Israelites in Canaan's hill country during the late second millennium BCE, to the establishment and subsequent downfall of the two Israelite kingdoms in the mid-first millennium BCE.
The Kingdom of Judah was located in the Judean Mountains, stretching from Jerusalem to Hebron and into the Negev Desert.The central ridge, ranging from forested and shrubland-covered mountains gently sloping towards the hills of the Shephelah in the west, to the dry and arid landscapes of the Judaean Desert descending into the Jordan Valley to the east, formed the kingdom's core.
The region of Judea boasts the highest concentration of archaeological sites where stone vessels have been unearthed. They have been found in every site with strata from the early Roman period, discoveries being documented across more than 140 sites.
Ezra's Mission, recounted in the Book of Ezra. With anarchy brewing in Judea, Xerxes' successor Persian King Artaxerxes sent Ezra to restore order. 332: Alexander the Great the King of Macedonia, one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Macedonia to Egypt and Greece to northwestern India conquers Phoenicia and the Levant
Judaea [1] was a Roman province from 6 to 132 CE, which at its height incorporated the Levantine regions of Judea, Idumea, Samaria, and Galilee, and parts of the costal plain including Philistia, extending over the territories of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms.
Judea, Hasmoneans. John Hyrcanus I (Yehohanan). 135–104 BCE. Æ Prutah. "Yehohanan the High Priest and the Council of the Jews" (in Hebrew). Judea, Hasmoneans. A coin issued by Alexander Jannaeus 103-76 BCE. On one side is the inscription (in Hebrew) "Yonathan the High Priest and the Friend of the Jews". Judea, Hasmoneans.
The Judea and Samaria Area covers a portion of the territory designated by the biblical names of Judea and Samaria.Both names are tied to the ancient Israelite kingdoms: the former corresponds to part of the Kingdom of Judah, also known as the Southern Kingdom; and the latter corresponds to part of the Kingdom of Israel, also known as the Northern Kingdom.