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Härke and Michael Wood estimate that the British population in the area that eventually became Anglo-Saxon England was around one million by the start of the fifth century; [127] [201] however, what happened to the Britons has been debated.
Also notable is the reduction in importance of Winchester, the Anglo-Saxon capital city of Wessex. Although not a direct measure of population, the lay subsidy rolls of 1334 can be used as a measure of both a settlement's size and stature and the table gives the 30 largest towns and cities in England according to that report. [12]
The Anglo-Saxons, in some contexts ... Some slaves may have been members of the native British population conquered by the Anglo-Saxons when they arrived from the ...
The Anglo-Saxons arrived in a land that was already populated by people commonly referred to as the "Romano-British"—the descendants of the native Brittonic-speaking population that lived in the area of Britain under Roman rule during the 1st–5th centuries AD.
According to Härke the more modern view is of co-existence between the British and the Anglo-Saxons. [31] [32] [33] He suggests that several modern archaeologists have now re-assessed the traditional model, and have developed a co-existence model largely based on the Laws of Ine.
Two studies published in 2016, based on data collected from skeletons found in Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon era graves in Cambridgeshire and Yorkshire, concluded that the ancestry of the modern English population contains large contributions from both Anglo-Saxon migrants and Romano-British natives. [43] [44]
A variety of ethnic groups have settled on the British Isles, dating back from the last ice age up until the 11th century. These populations included the Celtic Britons (including the Picts), Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Gaelic Scots, Norse, Danes and the Normans. [2]
The population of England in 2021 was estimated to be 56,489,800. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] This is the most recent census. [ 4 ] In the previous census, in 2011, the population was 53,012,456.