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There were very few efforts to promote the intellectual advancement of the indigenous population. After Indonesia declared its independence in 1945, the surviving education system was fragile and unorganized. In addition there was a shortage of teachers, as most of them had been Dutch or Japanese. [5]
On 30 March 2021, President Joko Widodo submitted a Presidential Letter to People's Representative Council, which contained a proposal for major changes in the national cabinet, one of which was the merger of the Ministry of Research and Technology and the Ministry of Education and Culture into one ministry named the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology.
Teaching English as a second language (TESL) refers to teaching English to students whose first language is not English. The teaching profession has used different names for TEFL and TESL; the generic "teaching English to speakers of other languages" (TESOL) is increasingly used, which covers TESL and TEFL as an umbrella term. [5]
This is a list of universities, colleges, polytechnics and other higher education in Indonesia.. According to the former Directorate General of Higher Education (now part of the Ministry of Research, Technology, & Higher Education), in 2022 there were 4,004 higher education institutions (3,820 private and 184 public). [1]
National Archives of Indonesia (ANRI) National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) National Food Agency (Bapanas) National Library of Indonesia (Perpusnas) National Nutrition Agency (BGN) National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) National Standardization Agency (BSN) Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN)
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International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language (IATEFL) is an organisation in the field of English language learning and teaching. It is based in Britain and was founded in 1967 as ATEFL (it became ‘International’ in 1970), [ 1 ] by W. R. (Bill) Lee, who also served as the organisation's first Chairman until 1984.
In Indonesia, primary schools or SD (Indonesian: Sekolah Dasar—"Elementary School") are from 1st to 6th grade, while high schools (secondary school) generally comprise junior secondary school (7th–9th grade) or SMP (Indonesian: Sekolah Menengah Pertama—"First Middle-grade School"), senior secondary school (10–12th grade) or SMA (Indonesian: Sekolah Menengah Atas—"Upper Middle-grade ...