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There were very few efforts to promote the intellectual advancement of the indigenous population. After Indonesia declared its independence in 1945, the surviving education system was fragile and unorganized. In addition there was a shortage of teachers, as most of them had been Dutch or Japanese. [5]
On 30 March 2021, President Joko Widodo submitted a Presidential Letter to People's Representative Council, which contained a proposal for major changes in the national cabinet, one of which was the merger of the Ministry of Research and Technology and the Ministry of Education and Culture into one ministry named the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology.
Teaching English as a second language (TESL) refers to teaching English to students whose first language is not English. The teaching profession has used different names for TEFL and TESL; the generic "teaching English to speakers of other languages" (TESOL) is increasingly used, which covers TESL and TEFL as an umbrella term. [5]
General schools. According to school year 2017–18 senior secondary school (SMA) statistics from Ministry of Education, [1] in 2017, Indonesia has 13.495 SMA (almost 50-50 ratio between public and private schools) with more than 160 thousand total classrooms (around 12 classrooms per school) and 30 thousands laboratories and 11 thousands libraries, 1,6 million new/10th grade SMA students (45% ...
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This is a list of universities, colleges, polytechnics and other higher education in Indonesia.. According to the former Directorate General of Higher Education (now part of the Ministry of Research, Technology, & Higher Education), in 2022 there were 4,004 higher education institutions (3,820 private and 184 public). [1]
During Indonesian National Revolution, the civil service was divided into Republic of Indonesia government and Dutch East Indies government. The Indonesian government formed Office of Civil Servant Affairs (Indonesian: Kantor Urusan Pegawai Negeri, KUP) with Government Regulation 11/1948 on 30 May 1948 which located at Yogyakarta.
TESOL International Association, formerly Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, [1] is the largest professional organization for teachers of English as a second or foreign language. [2] It was founded in 1966 and is based in Alexandria, Virginia , in the United States. [ 3 ]