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Psilocybe cubensis is commonly known as gold top, golden top or gold cap in Australia, sacred mushroom [9] or blue mushroom in Brazil, and San Ysidro or Palenque mushroom in the United States and Mexico, while the term "magic mushroom" has been applied to hallucinogenic mushrooms in general. [10]
Psilocybe septentrionalis (Guzmán) Guzmán (= Psilocybe subaeriginascens Höhn. var. septentrionalis Guzmán) Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak (non ss. Krieglsteiner) Psilocybe sierrae Singer (= Psilocybe subfimetaria Guzmán & A.H. Sm.) Psilocybe silvatica (Peck) Singer & A.H. Sm. Psilocybe singeri Guzmán; Psilocybe strictipes Singer & A.H. Sm.
A bag of 1.5 grams of dried psilocybe cubensis mushrooms. The dosage of mushrooms containing psilocybin depends on the psilocybin and psilocin content, which can vary significantly between and within the same species but is typically around 0.5–2.0% of the dried weight of the mushroom. [40]
Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms in Coyopolan, Veracruz, Mexico.McKenna and his proponents place these psilocybin mushrooms as the central force in the theory. The stoned ape theory is a controversial hypothesis first proposed by American ethnobotanist and mystic Terence McKenna in his 1992 book Food of the Gods.
Psilocybin comprises approximately 1% of the weight of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms, and so nearly 1.7 kilograms (3.7 lb) of dried mushrooms, or 17 kilograms (37 lb) of fresh mushrooms, would be required for a 60-kilogram (130 lb) person to reach the 280 mg/kg LD 50 value of rats. [46]
Psilocybe cubensis (Earle 1906) Singer 1948. Psilocybe cabiensis Guzmán, M.Torres & Ram.-Guill [2] [3]; Psilocybe caeruleoannulata Singer ex Guzmán; Psilocybe caerulescens. Psilocybe caerulescens Murrill var. caerulescens
In 2007, a paper by Redhead et al. proposed conserving the genus Psilocybe with Psilocybe semilanceata as its type species. [5] The suggestion was accepted by unanimous vote of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi of the International Botanical Congress in 2010, meaning that P. semilanceata (a member of the bluing clade) now serves as the type species of the genus. [6]
Psilocin and psilocybin are prohibited under the Ley General de Salud of 1984, which also specifically mentions psilocybin-containing fungi as being covered by the law, and mentions Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe cubensis in particular. [76] However, these laws are rarely, if ever, enforced against indigenous users of psychoactive fungi.