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TEE is a semi-invasive procedure in that the probe must enter the body but does not require surgical (i.e., invasive) cutting for this procedure. Before inserting the probe, mild to moderate sedation is induced in the patient to ease the discomfort and to decrease the gag reflex .
There are cases where a primary procedure cannot be performed. For example, this procedure cannot be used when there is complete separation of the tracheo-esophageal wall where the puncture would otherwise be placed (for example, in case a portion of the esophagus is removed requiring an anastomosis, or “reconnection” of structures in the ...
When a cardiac surgeon chooses to perform the CABG procedure off-pump (OPCAB) the heart is still beating while the graft attachments are made to bypass a blockage. Off-pump coronary artery bypass was developed partly to avoid the complications of cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery.
A TEE may be technically difficult to perform in individuals with esophageal ... The procedure is known as ... Complications include compromise of a vital organ ...
Cardiac catheterization (heart cath) is the insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart.This is done both for diagnostic and interventional purposes. A common example of cardiac catheterization is coronary catheterization that involves catheterization of the coronary arteries for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarctions ("heart attacks").
Significant complications of the operation include bleeding, heart problems (heart attack, arrhythmias), stroke, infections (often pneumonia) and injury to the kidneys. Three coronary artery bypass grafts, a pedicled LITA to LAD and two saphenous vein grafts – one to the right coronary artery system and one to the obtuse marginal system.
Rare complications that may require urgent surgery include valve migration, valve embolization, pulmonary artery occlusion, pulmonary artery rupture, or coronary artery compression impeding blood flow. [4] [5] Death is rare, and is usually attributable to other comorbidities rather than from the implantation procedure itself. [4]
As with any surgical procedure, cardiac catheterizations come with a generic list of possible complications. One of the complications that are sometimes reported involves some temporary nerve involvement. Sometimes a small amount of swelling occurs that can put pressure on nerves in the area of the incision.