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Structure b represents diplococcus bacteria. Diplococci are pairs of cocci. Examples of gram-negative diplococci are Neisseria spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis. Examples of gram-positive diplococci are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus spp. [10] [11] Presumably, diplococcus has been implicated in encephalitis lethargica. [12]
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. [1] Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner ( cytoplasmic ) membrane and an outer ...
Bacterial morphological plasticity refers to changes in the shape and size that bacterial cells undergo when they encounter stressful environments. Although bacteria have evolved complex molecular strategies to maintain their shape, many are able to alter their shape as a survival strategy in response to protist predators, antibiotics, the immune response, and other threats.
Bacteria within the Deinococcota group may also exhibit Gram-positive staining but contain some cell wall structures typical of Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall of some Gram-positive bacteria can be completely dissolved by lysozymes which attack the bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine.
A spirochaete (/ ˈ s p aɪ r oʊ ˌ k iː t /) [4] or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetota (also called Spirochaetes [5] / ˌ s p aɪ r oʊ ˈ k iː t iː z /), which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) Gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells ...
Helicobacter pylori is a species of gram-negative bacteria in the Helicobacter genus. [23] About half the world's population is infected with H. pylori but only a few strains are pathogenic. H pylori is a helical bacterium having a predominantly helical shape, also often described as having a spiral or S shape.
According to some definitions, the term is used to describe Gram-negative bacteria. [3] [4] According to other definitions, the term also encompasses yeasts. [5] [6] The name spheroplast stems from the fact that after the microbe's cell wall is digested, membrane tension causes the cell to acquire a characteristic spherical shape. [4]
Helicobacter is a genus of gram-negative bacteria possessing a characteristic helical shape. They were initially considered to be members of the genus Campylobacter, but in 1989, Goodwin et al. published sufficient reasons to justify the new genus name Helicobacter. [2] The genus Helicobacter contains about 35 species. [3] [4] [5]