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The mole is widely used in chemistry as a convenient way to express amounts of reactants and amounts of products of chemical reactions. For example, the chemical equation 2 H 2 + O 2 → 2 H 2 O can be interpreted to mean that for each 2 mol molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) and 1 mol molecular oxygen (O 2 ) that react, 2 mol of water (H 2 O) form.
The number of molecules per mole in a substance is given by the Avogadro constant, exactly 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 since the 2019 revision of the SI. Thus, to calculate the stoichiometry by mass, the number of molecules required for each reactant is expressed in moles and multiplied by the molar mass of each to give the mass of each ...
In chemistry, the lever rule is a formula used to determine the mole fraction (x i) or the mass fraction (w i) of each phase of a binary equilibrium phase diagram.It can be used to determine the fraction of liquid and solid phases for a given binary composition and temperature that is between the liquidus and solidus line.
In chemistry, a mole map is a graphical representation of an algorithm that compares molar mass, number of particles per mole, and factors from balanced equations or other formulae. [1] They are often used in undergraduate -level chemistry courses as a tool to teach the basics of stoichiometry and unit conversion .
In physical chemistry and chemical engineering, extent of reaction is a quantity that measures the extent to which the reaction has proceeded. Often, it refers specifically to the value of the extent of reaction when equilibrium has been reached.
Historically, the mole was defined as the amount of substance in 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope.As a consequence, the mass of one mole of a chemical compound, in grams, is numerically equal (for all practical purposes) to the mass of one molecule or formula unit of the compound, in daltons, and the molar mass of an isotope in grams per mole is approximately equal to the mass number ...
Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase : [2]
Within chemistry, a Job plot, otherwise known as the method of continuous variation or Job's method, is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the stoichiometry of a binding event. The method is named after Paul Job and is also used in instrumental analysis and advanced chemical equilibrium texts and research articles.