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Development of the French criminal justice system has important roots in ecclesiastical law of the Roman Catholic Church. While England was moving towards the adversarial system of criminal justice, in France was laying the basis for the inquisitorial system. This goes back to the medieval church's efforts to investigate and eliminate heresies.
In France, the term criminal procedure (French: procédure pénale) has two meanings; a narrow one, referring to the process that happens during a criminal case as it proceeds through the phases of receiving and investigating a complaint, arresting suspects, and bringing them to trial, resulting in possible sentencing—and a broader meaning referring to the way the justice system is organized ...
Criminal procedure (procédure pénale) focuses on how individuals accused of crimes are dealt with in the criminal justice system: how people are investigated, prosecuted, tried, and punished. In France, these procedural issues are codified in the French code of criminal procedure ( Code de procédure pénale ).
Instead, financial cases concerning private funds and money fall within the jurisdiction of the civil justice system. Prior to 1982, France only had a single national Court of Audit. With a push toward decentralization in the creation of province-like administrative regions and the increased role of local elected officials and considering the ...
The judicial police in France are responsible for the investigation of criminal offenses and identification of perpetrators. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This is in contrast to the administrative police , whose goal is to ensure the maintenance of public order and to prevent crime. [ 1 ]
] European Court of Justice ("ECJ") ruling, [clarification needed] it intends to create a dozen or so European Union ("EU") criminal offences [clarification needed] suggests that one should [weasel words] also now consider EU law ("droit communautaire", sometimes referred to, less accurately, as "droit européen") as a new and distinct area of ...
The European judicial system may of its own accord qualify a matter as criminal, based on the nature of its penalty or on its gravity. Thus, in countries with dual legal jurisdictions, such as France, administrative authorities empowered by the legislature to impose administrative penalties may see themselves applying Article 7.
The Code pénal is the codification of French criminal law (droit pénal). It took effect March 1, 1994 and replaced the French Penal Code of 1810 , which had until then been in effect. This in turn has become known as the "old penal code" in the rare decisions that still need to apply it.