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Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is a rare congenital disease of heart muscle that affects both children and adults. [1] It results from abnormal prenatal development of heart muscle . [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is a disease where prolonged tachycardia (a fast heart rate) or arrhythmia (an irregular heart rhythm) causes an impairment of the myocardium (heart muscle), which can result in heart failure.
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition in which the heart becomes enlarged and cannot pump blood effectively. [3] Symptoms vary from none to feeling tired, leg swelling , and shortness of breath . [ 2 ]
In 2015 cardiomyopathy and myocarditis affected 2.5 million people. [6] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects about 1 in 500 people while dilated cardiomyopathy affects 1 in 2,500. [3] [10] They resulted in 354,000 deaths up from 294,000 in 1990. [7] [11] Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is more common in young people. [2]
Together, these events can lead to congestive heart failure and decrease the heart's output of blood with each squeeze. [10] Takotsubo cardiomyopathy occurs worldwide. [11] The condition is thought to be responsible for 2% of all acute coronary syndrome cases presenting to hospitals. [11]
Cardiomegaly can be serious and can result in congestive heart failure. Recent studies suggest that cardiomegaly is associated with a higher risk of sudden cardiac death. [13] Cardiomegaly may diminish over time, but many people with an enlarged heart (dilated cardiomyopathy) need lifelong medication. [14]
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a type of cardiomyopathy caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries which supply blood to the heart. [4] Typically, patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy have a history of acute myocardial infarction, [5] however, it may occur in patients with coronary artery disease, but without a past history of acute myocardial infarction.
Mortality is between 40–80% 10 years post-diagnosis. [9] The prognosis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) varies depending on the severity of the condition, the extent of heart muscle damage, and the response to treatment. Without treatment, ACM can progress to severe heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. [10]