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The term Khalsa [a] refers to both a community that follows Sikhism as its religion, [5] as well as a special group of initiated Sikhs. [6] The Khalsa tradition was initiated in 1699 by the Tenth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh. Its formation was a key event in the history of Sikhism. [7]
To co-operate with the Khalsa Panth, and win the goodwill of the people, the government sent an offer of an estate and Nawabship through a famous Lahore Sikh, Subeg Singh. [98] The Khalsa did not wanted to rule freely and not to be under the rule of a subordinate position.
The Khalsa Panth was founded here on April 13, 1699, by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. Every year, during the Vaisakhi festival, this event is remembered. The Khalsa were founded when Guru Gobind Singh gave the Panj Pyare, or the Five Beloved Ones, at Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib Amrit, or pure nectar.
The establishment of the Khalsa united the Sikh community against various Mughal-backed claimants to the guruship. [23] In 1701, a combined army of the Sivalik Hill rajas and the Mughals under Wazir Khan attacked Anandpur. The Khalsa retreated but regrouped to defeat the Mughals at the Battle of Muktsar.
[3]: 240–242 Curiously, the guru's name is inscribed as 'Guru Gobind Singh', containing the Singh appellation, even though the copper plate was issued to the temple in 1679, twenty years before the traditional dating of 1699 for the establishment of the Khalsa Panth. [1]
Panth Pragās Barnan – opens with introductory stanzas, gives a list of the ten Sikh gurus, and states that the reason Guru Gobind Singh established the Khalsa Panth was based upon a divine order. [4] Teg Pragās – describes the Battle of Bhangani. [4] Rājan Het Saṅgrām – describes the Battle of Nadaun. [4]
A Sikh who has been initiated into the Khalsa ('pure'; the Sikh brotherhood) is considered to be Amritdhari (baptised) (lit. ' amrit taker ') or Khalsa ('pure'). Those who undergo initiation are expected to dedicate themselves to Waheguru (Almighty God) and work toward the establishment of the Khalsa Raj. [2] [4] [5]
It occurs during mid-April every year and traditionally in Punjab, the festival corresponds with the first harvesting of the crops for the year. Historically, the festival has been a very joyous occasion and a time for celebration. However, since 1699, it has marked the very significant religious event of the creation of the Khalsa Panth. [118]