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In neurology, retrograde amnesia (RA) is the inability to access memories or information from before an injury or disease occurred. [1] RA differs from a similar condition called anterograde amnesia (AA), which is the inability to form new memories following injury or disease onset. [ 2 ]
While a patient with amnesia might have a loss of declarative memory, this loss might vary in severity as well as the declarative information that it affects, depending on many factors. For example, LSJ was a patient who had retrograde declarative memory loss as the result of bilateral medial temporal lobe damage, but she was still able to ...
Amnesia is an abnormal mental state in which memory and learning are affected out of all proportion to other cognitive functions in an otherwise alert and responsive patient. [5] There are two forms of amnesia: Anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia, that show hippocampal or medial temporal lobe damage.
Focal retrograde amnesia (FRA), sometimes known as functional amnesia, refers to the presence of retrograde amnesia while knowledge acquisition remains intact (no anterograde amnesia). Memory for how to use objects and perform skills ( implicit memory ) may remain intact while specific knowledge of personal events or previously learned facts ...
Although there was a general lack of knowledge about its mechanisms, a review of patients seen during WWI combat reveals the symptoms of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) in many soldiers. The term shell shock was used to refer to the acute psychological state that accompanied exposure to exploding shells, and more generally, exposure to combat ...
The prognosis of "pure" TGA is very good, as by definition, symptoms resolve within 24 hours. It does not affect mortality or morbidity [29] There is no treatment specific to TGA. [4] "The most important part of management after diagnosis is looking after the psychological needs of the patient and his or her relatives.
Ribot's law of retrograde amnesia was hypothesized in 1881 by Théodule Ribot. It states that there is a time gradient in retrograde amnesia, so that recent memories are more likely to be lost than the more remote memories. Not all patients with retrograde amnesia report the symptoms of Ribot's law.
Additionally, the study of patient N.A. has contributed to research on amnesia, especially anterograde amnesia. It gave an insight on the underlying structures and processes of amnesia. The case of N.A. helped to determine the causes of anterograde amnesia and proved that amnesia can be caused by damaging multiple diencephalic structures. [1]