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A laminar flow wing has a maximum thickness in the middle camber line. Analyzing the Navier–Stokes equations in the linear regime shows that a negative pressure gradient along the flow has the same effect as reducing the speed.
Supercritical airfoils feature four main benefits: they have a higher drag-divergence Mach number, [21] they develop shock waves farther aft than traditional airfoils, [22] they greatly reduce shock-induced boundary layer separation, and their geometry allows more efficient wing design (e.g., a thicker wing and/or reduced wing sweep, each of which may allow a lighter wing).
Laminar flow hoods are used to exclude contaminants from sensitive processes in science, electronics and medicine. Air curtains are frequently used in commercial settings to keep heated or refrigerated air from passing through doorways. A laminar flow reactor (LFR) is a reactor that uses laminar flow to study chemical reactions and process ...
"a=" followed by a decimal number describing the fraction of chord over which laminar flow is maintained. a=1 is the default if no value is given. For example, the NACA 65 4 -415, has the minimum pressure placed at 50% of the chord, has a maximum thickness of 15% of the chord, design lift coefficient of 0.4 and maintains laminar flow for lift ...
The Davis wing is a World War II-era aircraft wing design that was used by Consolidated Aircraft on the Consolidated B-24 Liberator, as well as other models. The airfoil had a lower drag coefficient than most contemporary designs, which allowed higher speeds, and created significant lift at relatively low angles of attack.
Maintaining laminar flow by controlling the pressure distribution on an airfoil is called Natural laminar flow (NLF) [7] and has been achieved by sailplane designers with great success. [9] On swept wings a favorable pressure gradient becomes destabilizing due to cross flow and suction is necessary to control cross flow. [10]
Some aileron designs, particularly when fitted on swept wings, include fences like wing fences flush with their inboard plane, in order to suppress some of the spanwise component of the airflow running on the top of the wing, which tends to disrupt the laminar flow above the aileron, when deflected downwards. [citation needed]
The left laminar flow wing section. Natural laminar flow is opposed to hybrid laminar flow artificially induced through hardware. It is difficult to industrialise a wing smooth enough to sustain the laminar flow in operation, due to having very low design and manufacturing tolerances, leading-edge retractable slats, and fasteners, that is aerodynamically robust enough, and can withstand ...