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A body, or a meeting or vote of it, is quorate if a quorum is present (or casts valid votes). The term quorum is from a Middle English wording of the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace , derived from Latin quorum , "of whom", genitive plural of qui , " who ". [ 3 ]
For practical purposes, a quorum call is a delaying measure that permits the Senate leadership to work out some difficulty or to await a Senator's arrival. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Because of differences in procedure between the two bodies, quorum calls in the House are fairly rare, but they are quite common in the Senate.
The quorum-based voting for replica control is due to [Gifford, 1979]. [3] Each copy of a replicated data item is assigned a vote. Each operation then has to obtain a read quorum (V r) or a write quorum (V w) to read or write a data item, respectively. If a given data item has a total of V votes, the quorums have to obey the following rules:
In these sessions, if it is not fully attended by members, it must at least achieve a quorum. [3] Likewise, in the General Assembly of the United Nations, a Plenary Meeting requires minimum number of members to continue its procedures; and the same may apply to other groups depending on their charter or bylaws. [4]
Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by "suggesting the absence of a quorum"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request ...
Besides differences in the schema, there are several other differences between the earlier Office XML schema formats and Office Open XML. Whereas the data in Office Open XML documents is stored in multiple parts and compressed in a ZIP file conforming to the Open Packaging Conventions, Microsoft Office XML formats are stored as plain single monolithic XML files (making them quite large ...
Electronic voting was first used in the House on January 23, 1973, to record a quorum call. [24] Under the system implemented in the 1970s, members of the House may vote at any one of a number of stations located throughout the chamber. Each member has a small plastic card, punched identically on either end. [24]
This postponed motion becomes a general order for the next meeting. When the time for "general orders" comes up in the order of business, consideration of the postponed motion is resumed. "New business" is where the bulk of the discussion as well as decisions in the meeting usually takes place. If a group has not adopted an agenda or an order ...