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The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) are based on the "Framework K–12 Science Education" that was created by the National Research Council. They have three dimensions that are integrated in instruction at all levels.
The Next Generation Science Standards are made up of three components listed as follows: disciplinary core ideas, science and engineering practices, and crosscutting concepts. These are referred to as the three dimensions of the Next Generation Science Standards.
The content of these standards is based heavily on a specific model of learning, constructivism (learning theory). [4] Like reform mathematics, [5] which is distinguished by an emphasis on building on what a child already knows and understands, the standards intend to update the methods of science education to achieve greater effectiveness with children.
The standards are subdivided into "benchmarks," which outline the specific content, knowledge, and skills that students are expected to learn in school. Each student's performance on Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) Reading, Writing, Mathematics, and Science tests indicates his or her progress in reaching benchmarks for those subjects.
The Principles and Standards for School Mathematics was developed by the NCTM. The NCTM's stated intent was to improve mathematics education. The contents were based on surveys of existing curriculum materials, curricula and policies from many countries, educational research publications, and government agencies such as the U.S. National Science Foundation. [3]
The McCumber Cube. The McCumber Cube is a model for establishing and evaluating information security (information assurance) programs.This security model, created in 1991 by John McCumber, is depicted as a three-dimensional Rubik's Cube-like grid.
The initial modelling has advanced from two dimensions to show more complex interactions, for example over time. The framework was first theorized by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff in the 1990s, with the publication of "The Triple Helix, University-Industry-Government Relations: A laboratory for Knowledge-Based Economic Development". [4]
The Three Levels of Leadership is a leadership model formulated in 2011 by James Scouller. [1] Designed as a practical tool for developing a person's leadership presence, knowhow and skill. It aims to summarize what leaders have to do, not only to bring leadership to their group or organization, but also to develop themselves technically and ...