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In science and engineering, root cause analysis (RCA) is a method of problem solving used for identifying the root causes of faults or problems. [1] It is widely used in IT operations, manufacturing, telecommunications, industrial process control, accident analysis (e.g., in aviation, [2] rail transport, or nuclear plants), medical diagnosis, the healthcare industry (e.g., for epidemiology ...
Sample Ishikawa diagram shows the causes contributing to problem. The defect, or the problem to be solved, [1] is shown as the fish's head, facing to the right, with the causes extending to the left as fishbones; the ribs branch off the backbone for major causes, with sub-branches for root-causes, to as many levels as required.
A root cause is the identification and investigation of the source of the problem where the person(s), system, process, or external factor is identified as the cause of the nonconformity. The root cause analysis can be done via 5 Whys or other methods, e.g. an Ishikawa diagram.
FRACAS records the problems related to a product or process and their associated root causes and failure analyses to assist in identifying and implementing corrective actions. The FRACAS method [ 1 ] was developed by the US Govt. and first introduced for use by the US Navy and all department of defense agencies in 1985.
All the potential causes for a failure mode should be identified and documented. This should be in technical terms. Examples of causes are: Human errors in handling, Manufacturing induced faults, Fatigue, Creep, Abrasive wear, erroneous algorithms, excessive voltage or improper operating conditions or use (depending on the used ground rules).
The design or process controls in a FMEA can be used in verifying the root cause and Permanent Corrective Action in an 8D. The FMEA and 8D should reconcile each failure and cause by cross documenting failure modes, problem statements and possible causes. Each FMEA can be used as a database of possible causes of failure as an 8D is developed.
For example, "if the air intake is full of water then air conditioning is not working." Elaboration (because air is not able to circulate) gets added as in-between step. linking each of the remaining UDEs to the existing tree by repeating the previous steps. This approach tends to converge on a single root cause.
In this example, five iterations of asking why is sufficient to get to a root cause that can be addressed. [3] The key idea of the method is to encourage the troubleshooter to avoid assumptions and logic traps and instead trace the chain of causality in direct increments from the effect through any layers of abstraction to a root cause that ...