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Climate change is affecting the continent's environment and ecosystems. Australia is vulnerable to the effects of global warming projected for the next 50 to 100 years because of its extensive arid and semi-arid areas, and already warm climate, high annual rainfall variability.
Recent climate events such as extremely high temperatures and widespread drought have focused government and public attention on the effects of climate change in Australia. [26] Rainfall in southwestern Australia has decreased by 10–20% since the 1970s, while southeastern Australia has also experienced a moderate decline since the 1990s. [23]
Climate map of Australia. By far the largest part of Australia is arid or semi-arid. A total of 18% of Australia's mainland consists of named deserts, [20] while additional areas are considered to have a desert climate based on low rainfall and high temperature. Only the south-east and south-west corners have a temperate climate and moderately ...
It has been governed as a part of Tasmania, Australia, since 1880. It became a Tasmanian State Reserve in 1978 and was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Macquarie Island is an exposed portion of the Macquarie Ridge and is located where the Australian Plate meets the Pacific Plate.
The Australian monsoon can also have a high influence on rainfall on the southeastern seaboard during the warmer months, such as in southeast Queensland and as well as the northern half of New South Wales (Northern Rivers to metropolitan Sydney), where summer is the wettest season and winter is the driest (the precipitation contrast between the ...
According to Australian Climate Council in 2017 Australia had its warmest winter on record, in terms of average maximum temperatures, reaching nearly 2 °C above average. [81] January 2019 was the hottest month ever in Australia with average temperatures exceeding 30 °C (86 °F). [82] [83]
According to the Bureau of Meteorology's 2011 Australian Climate Statement, Australia had lower than average temperatures in 2011 as a consequence of a La Niña weather pattern. [50] During the 2010–2012 La Niña event , Australia experienced its second- and third-wettest years, since a record of the rainfall started to kept during 1900.
Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria and the second most populous city in Australia (most populous in urban area), has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), [1] [2] bordering on a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), and is well known for its changeable weather conditions. This is ...