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In the programming language C++, unordered associative containers are a group of class templates in the C++ Standard Library that implement hash table variants. Being templates, they can be used to store arbitrary elements, such as integers or custom classes.
When program is executed, six elements are inserted using the insert() function, then the first element is deleted using erase() function and the size of the map is outputted. Next, the user is prompted for a key to search for in the map. Using the iterator created earlier, the find() function searches for an element with the given key. If it ...
A multiset may be formally defined as an ordered pair (U, m) where U is a set called a universe or the underlying set, and : is a function from U to the nonnegative integers. The value m ( a ) {\displaystyle m(a)} for an element a ∈ U {\displaystyle a\in U} is called the multiplicity of a {\displaystyle a} in the ...
similar to a set, multiset, map, or multimap, respectively, but implemented using a hash table; keys are not ordered, but a hash function must exist for the key type. These types were left out of the C++ standard; similar containers were standardized in C++11 , but with different names ( unordered_set and unordered_map ).
The C++ Standard Library provides several generic containers, functions to use and manipulate these containers, function objects, generic strings and streams (including interactive and file I/O), support for some language features, and functions for common tasks such as finding the square root of a number.
If by multiset one considers equal items identical and simply counts them, then a multiset can be interpreted as a function from the input domain to the non-negative integers (natural numbers), generalizing the identification of a set with its indicator function. In some cases a multiset in this counting sense may be generalized to allow ...
Additionally, a family of sets may be defined as a function from a set , known as the index set, to , in which case the sets of the family are indexed by members of . [1] In some contexts, a family of sets may be allowed to contain repeated copies of any given member, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and in other contexts it may form a proper class .
Multivalued functions of a complex variable have branch points. For example, for the nth root and logarithm functions, 0 is a branch point; for the arctangent function, the imaginary units i and −i are branch points. Using the branch points, these functions may be redefined to be single-valued functions, by restricting the range.