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Self-fertilization, where pollen from a plant will fertilise reproductive cells or ovules of the same plant; Cross-pollination, where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant; Asexual propagation (e.g. runners from strawberry plants) where the new plant is genetically identical to its parent
Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. [1] It is used to improve the quality of plant products for use by humans and animals. [2] The goals of plant breeding are to produce crop varieties that boast unique and superior traits for a variety of applications.
New Breeding Techniques (NBT), also named New Plant Engineering Techniques, are a suite of methods that could increase and accelerate the development of new traits in plant breeding. [1] These new techniques, often involve 'genome editing' whose intention is to modify DNA at specific locations within the plants' genes so that new traits and ...
Biodiversity of South Africa – Variety of life within South Africa and its exclusive economic zone; List of conifers of South Africa – Plants of the class Pinophyta recorded from South Africa; List of cycads of South Africa – Seed producing vascular plants of the division Cycadophyta recorded from South Africa
Prior to publication of the Red List of South African Plants in 2010 was the Threatened Plants of Southern Africa in 1980 where 1893 taxa was assessed, the Red Data List of Southern African Plants in 1997 where 3916 taxa was assessed, and the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report in 2002 where 948 taxa was assessed. [2]
Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as "variation breeding", is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals, radiation, or enzymes [1] [2] in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars. Plants created using mutagenesis are sometimes called mutagenic plants or mutagenic seeds.
Farmers have used traditional breeding methods for millennia, wild maize (Zea mexicana) is routinely grown alongside maize to promote natural crossing and improve yields. More recently, plant breeders have utilised CWR genes to improve a wide range of crops like rice ( Oryza sativa ), tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) and grain legumes .
As of 2013, 34 field trials of GM wheat have taken place in Europe and 419 have taken place in the US. [10] Modifications tested include those to create resistance to herbicides, create resistance to insects [11] [12] [13] and to fungal pathogens (especially fusarium) and viruses, [14] [15] tolerance to drought and resistance to salinity [16] and heat, [17] increased [18] [19] and decreased ...