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While transmitting over copper wire does not allow for the speeds that fiber-optic transmission does, it allows the use of existing voice-grade copper or CCTV coaxial cable wiring. Copper-based Ethernet extenders must be used on unconditioned wire (without load coils), such as unused twisted pairs and alarm circuits.
The fiber optic trunk lines provide enough bandwidth to allow additional bandwidth-intensive services such as cable internet access through DOCSIS. [3] Bandwidth is shared among users of an HFC. [4] Encryption is used to prevent eavesdropping. [5]
Several fibers from an OLT can be carried in a single cable. [5] A PON reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point-to-point architectures with dedicated connections for every user. A passive optical network is a form of fiber-optic access network. Bandwidth is shared among users of a PON. [6] [7]
Typically, an ONT connects via a fiber-optic cable to an OLT to complete a connection. An ONT can work in Single Family Unit/SFU mode (modem/bridge) or Home Gateway Unit/HGU mode (router). In passive optical networks, Management is provided by the OLT via OMCI, in case of a GPON connection, and OAM in case of a EPON connection.
Services currently available via their fiber-optic network include telephone, broadband Internet and television, which includes video on demand and regular broadcasts: ECFiber: East Central Vermont: Community network, services available via their fiber-optic network include telephone and broadband Internet Elevate Fiber [9]
In contrast, an optical amplifier can amplify all of the wavelengths in a single device and works for all modulation formats. An amplifier does not provide the regeneration ability of a repeater, but loss, rather than distortion is generally the limiting factor in the design of an optical communications system.