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An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light [a] from one end to the other. Such fibers find wide usage in fiber-optic communications , where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data transfer rates) than electrical cables.
Narinder Singh Kapany (31 October 1926 – 4 December 2020) was an Indian-American physicist famously known as "Father of Fiber Optics" . [2] [3] [4] Kapany is a pioneer in the field of fiber optics, known for coining and popularising the term. [5] [6] Fortune named him one of seven "Unsung Heroes of the 20th Century" for his Nobel Prize ...
Fiber-optic communication is a form of optical communication for transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of infrared or visible light through an optical fiber. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The light is a form of carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. [ 3 ]
^ e: OFC/NFOEC – Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference [132] ^ a: Kao's major task was to investigate light-loss properties in materials of optic fibers, and determine whether they could be removed or not. Hockham's was investigating light-loss due to discontinuities and curvature of ...
In 1983, he joined Corning Glass Works, working in fiber optics research at Sullivan Park, New York. Researchers at Corning had previously developed optical fiber with loss below the crucial attenuation limit of 20 dB/km, but the fibers could not be manufactured at rates higher than 2 meters per second. [7]
1973 – Optelecom, Inc. delivers the first operational optical communications system under an ARPA contract to the US Army Missile Command, and the first commercial fiber optic system to Chevron. [42] 1975 – First list servers are introduced. [41] 1976 – The personal computer (PC) market is born. 1977 – Donald Knuth begins work on TeX.
He also independently discovered the law of reflection, and his essay on optics was the first published mention of this law. [ 34 ] Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) wrote several works in the area of optics.
Donald B. Keck (born January 2, 1941) is an American research physicist and engineer most noted for his involvement in developing low-loss optical fiber.Keck grew up in Lansing, Michigan and attended Michigan State University, after which he joined Corning Incorporated’s research department.