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For example, uncompressed songs in CD format have a data rate of 16 bits/channel x 2 channels x 44.1 kHz ≅ 1.4 Mbit/s, whereas AAC files on an iPod are typically compressed to 128 kbit/s, yielding a compression ratio of 10.9, for a data-rate saving of 0.91, or 91%.
The Weissman score is a performance metric for lossless compression applications. It was developed by Tsachy Weissman, a professor at Stanford University, and Vinith Misra, a graduate student, at the request of producers for HBO's television series Silicon Valley, a television show about a fictional tech start-up working on a data compression algorithm.
DEFLATE is a variation on LZ optimized for decompression speed and compression ratio, [7] but compression can be slow. In the mid-1980s, following work by Terry Welch, the Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) algorithm rapidly became the method of choice for most general-purpose compression systems.
The Compression Ratings website published a chart summary of the "frontier" in compression ratio and time. [ 15 ] The Compression Analysis Tool [ 16 ] is a Windows application that enables end users to benchmark the performance characteristics of streaming implementations of LZF4, Deflate, ZLIB, GZIP, BZIP2 and LZMA using their own data.
It is tunable with compression levels ranging from negative 7 (fastest) [6] to 22 (slowest in compression speed, but best compression ratio). Starting from version 1.3.2 (October 2017), zstd optionally implements very-long-range search and deduplication ( --long , 128 MiB window) similar to rzip or lrzip .
To spot matches, the encoder must keep track of some amount of the most recent data, such as the last 2 KB, 4 KB, or 32 KB. The structure in which this data is held is called a sliding window, which is why LZ77 is sometimes called sliding-window compression. The encoder needs to keep this data to look for matches, and the decoder needs to keep ...
The efficiency of the Diesel cycle is dependent on r and γ like the Otto cycle, and also by the cutoff ratio, r c, which is the ratio of the cylinder volume at the beginning and end of the combustion process: [4] = () The Diesel cycle is less efficient than the Otto cycle when using the same compression ratio.
The equations for the use of the data retrieved from these tables are very simple. Q= heat gain, usually heat gain per unit time A= surface area. U= Overall heat transfer coefficient. CLTD= cooling load temperature difference SCL= solar cooling load factor CLF= cooling load factor SC= shading coefficient