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Transcriptional repressor CTCF also known as 11-zinc finger protein or CCCTC-binding factor is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene. [5] [6] CTCF is involved in many cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, insulator activity, V(D)J recombination [7] and regulation of chromatin architecture. [8]
In this locus the CTCF protein regulates imprinted expression by binding to the unmethylated maternal imprinted control region (ICR) but not on the paternal ICR. When bound to the unmethylated maternal sequence, CTCF effectively blocks downstream enhancer elements from interacting with the Igf2 gene promoter, leaving only the H19 gene to be ...
CTCF forms methylation-sensitive insulators that regulate X-chromosome inactivation. Transcriptional repressor CTCFL (this protein) is a paralog of CTCF and appears to be expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes, unlike CTCF which is expressed primarily in the nucleus of somatic cells. CTCF and CTCFL are normally expressed in a ...
CTCF molecules can form homodimers on DNA, which can be co-bound by cohesin; this chromatin loop structure helps constrain the ability of enhancers within the loop to target genes outside the loop. Loops with CTCF and cohesin at the start and end of the loop that restrict enhancer-gene targeting are "insulated neighborhoods."
A number of proteins are known to be associated with TAD formation including the protein CTCF and the protein complex cohesin. [1] It is also unknown what components are required at TAD boundaries; however, in mammalian cells, it has been shown that these boundary regions have comparatively high levels of CTCF binding.
Gregory and his then-wife Greta Kukkonen welcomed their first son, Jonathan, in 1944. The couple split when he was around 8 years old. According to the Detroit Free Press, Gregory's oldest son was ...
The loop is stabilized by a dimer of a connector protein (e.g. dimer of CTCF or YY1), with one member of the dimer anchored to its binding motif on the enhancer and the other member anchored to its binding motif on the promoter (represented by the red zigzags in the illustration). [34]
More than 800 people have lost their lives in jail since July 13, 2015 but few details are publicly released. Huffington Post is compiling a database of every person who died until July 13, 2016 to shed light on how they passed.