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The word horizontal is derived from the Latin horizon, which derives from the Greek ὁρῐ́ζων, meaning 'separating' or 'marking a boundary'. [2] The word vertical is derived from the late Latin verticalis, which is from the same root as vertex, meaning 'highest point' or more literally the 'turning point' such as in a whirlpool.
Vertical writing is commonly used for novels, newspapers, manga, and many other forms of writing. Because it goes downward, vertical writing is invariably used on the spines of books. Some newspapers combine the two forms, using the vertical format for most articles but including some written horizontally, especially for headlines.
The east north up (ENU) local tangent plane is similar to NED, except for swapping 'down' for 'up' and x for y. Local tangent plane coordinates (LTP) are part of a spatial reference system based on the tangent plane defined by the local vertical direction and the Earth's axis of rotation.
Cardinal directions or cardinal points may sometimes be extended to include vertical position (elevation, altitude, depth): north and south, east and west, up and down; or mathematically the six directions of the x-, y-, and z-axes in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates. Topographic maps include elevation, typically via contour lines.
Vertical is a geometric term of location which may refer to: Vertical direction , the direction aligned with the direction of the force of gravity, up or down Vertical (angles) , a pair of angles opposite each other, formed by two intersecting straight lines that form an "X"
a much more general association between vertical position and goodness/badness (up=good, down=bad), which has been documented in numerous contexts (e.g. power/status, profits/prices, affect/emotion, and even the divine).
Scaling vertically (up/down) means adding resources to (or removing resources from) a single node, typically involving the addition of CPUs, memory or storage to a single computer. [ 7 ] Benefits to scale-up include avoiding increased management complexity, more sophisticated programming to allocate tasks among resources and handling issues ...
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