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The initial impact of the acoustic torpedo in the Battle of the Atlantic prior to the widespread deployment of counter-measures cannot be overstated. The German U-boats now had an effective "fire and forget" weapon capable of homing-in on attacking escorts and merchant ships and doing so in close quarters of only three or four hundred yards. [1]
Wake behind a vessel of the German navy Soviet 53-65K torpedo developed during the Cold War. Wake homing is a torpedo guidance technique based on the wake trajectory left behind a moving target. [1] The torpedo is fired to cross behind the stern of the target ship, through the wake.
Before it is revealed, the targeted ship has a chance to spot the incoming torpedo and take evasive action if possible.) In addition to rules about submarines, torpedoes and anti-submarine defenses, the game includes rules for convoys, anti-submarine aircraft and min-submarines. [1]
The Mark 28 torpedo was a submarine-launched, acoustic homing torpedo designed by Westinghouse Electric in 1944 for the United States Navy. The torpedo used all-electric controls. Service use of the Mark 28 ended after the introduction of the Mark 37 torpedo. [1]
The homing system consisted of two hydrophone receivers and altered the direction of the rudder via an electropneumatic device. The acoustic homing torpedo was specifically designed as to be attracted by the pitch of an escort's propellers and would — even if aimed inaccurately — explode under the ship's stern. [1] There were three variants:
The AN/SLQ-25 Nixie and its variants are towed torpedo decoys used on US and allied warships. It consists of a towed decoy device (TB-14A) and a shipboard signal generator. The Nixie is capable of defeating wake-homing, acoustic-homing, and wire-guided torpedoes. The decoy emits signals to draw a torpedo away from its intended target.
The A244/S is an Italian lightweight, fire-and-forget torpedo employed for anti-submarine warfare. It can be launched from surface vessels or aircraft and locates the target using an acoustic seeker. The torpedo body conforms to the NATO 12.75-inch (323.8 mm) standard and is compatible with USN Mark 32 torpedo tubes.
Weaponry similarly reflects what the boats had at any given point in the war. The torpedoes range from the Mark X used by the S-boats, to the Mark XIV steam torpedo and Mark XVIII electric torpedo, to the anti-escort "Cutie" acoustic homing torpedo. Deck guns, which are of minor value but have their uses, similarly range from three to five inch ...