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English Tangier was the period in Moroccan history in which the city of Tangier was occupied by England as part of its colonial empire from 1661 to 1684. Tangier had been under Portuguese control before Charles II of England acquired the city as part of the dowry when he married the Portuguese infanta Catherine.
Tangier was founded as a Phoenician colony, possibly as early as the 10th century BCE [10] [11] and almost certainly by the 8th century BCE. [12] The majority of Berber tombs around Tangier had Punic jewelry by the 6th century BCE, speaking to abundant trade by that time. [13]
1661 – English Tangier (1661–1684), English colonial rule. [5] [4] 1677 – The English banished all Jews from Tangiers. [5] 1678 – City besieged by forces of Moulay Ismail. [1] 1684 – Moroccan rule begins with end of English Tangier. [3] [4] 1815 – Grand Mosque of Tangier rebuilt. [6] 1821 – American Legation building in use. 1844
Leonardo de Ferrari's plan of the Portuguese fortifications at Tangier, c. 1655. The Wattasids assaulted Tangier in 1508, 1511, and 1515 but without success.. In 1508, future Portuguese of India Duarte de Menezes succeeded his father as captain of Tangier, a function he had already been effectively performing in his father's name since 1507. [9]
The Tangier Garrison was the land force which oversaw the defence of English Tangier between 1661 and 1684 when it was evacuated. It was part of the English Army, the de facto standing army that Charles II established following the Restoration. Charles II received Tangier as part of the Marriage Treaty with Portugal in 1661.
He ordered that the forts outside Tangier be destroyed to reduce the colony back to its former size. The sultan's army attacked the forts intermittently in 1678 and 1679. Differing accounts of the time claimed that the Moroccan army mustered against the city numbered either 15,000 or 7000 men, outnumbering, in any case, the English garrison.
The Tangier Sound Sept. 27, 2022, on the way to Smith Island, Maryland.
The city of Tangier was excluded from the Spanish protectorate and received a special internationally controlled status as Tangier International Zone. Since France already held a protectorate over most of the country and had controlled Morocco's foreign affairs since 30 March 1912, it also held the power to delegate a zone to Spanish protection ...