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In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle.It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides.
If c = p e is a prime power, there exists a primitive Pythagorean triple a 2 + b 2 = c 2 if and only if the prime p has the form 4n + 1; this triple is unique up to the exchange of a and b. More generally, a positive integer c is the hypotenuse of a primitive Pythagorean triple if and only if each prime factor of c is congruent to 1 modulo 4 ...
Visual proof of the Pythagorean identity: for any angle , the point (,) = (, ) lies on the unit circle, which satisfies the equation + =.Thus, + =. In mathematics, an identity is an equality relating one mathematical expression A to another mathematical expression B, such that A and B (which might contain some variables) produce the same value for all values of the variables ...
Area#Area formulas – Size of a two-dimensional surface; Perimeter#Formulas – Path that surrounds an area; List of second moments of area; List of surface-area-to-volume ratios – Surface area per unit volume; List of surface area formulas – Measure of a two-dimensional surface; List of trigonometric identities
A right-angled triangle and its hypotenuse. In geometry, a hypotenuse is the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle. [1] It is the longest side of any such triangle; the two other shorter sides of such a triangle are called catheti or legs.
In mathematics, a relation denotes some kind of relationship between two objects in a set, which may or may not hold. [1] As an example, " is less than " is a relation on the set of natural numbers ; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3 ), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4 ), but not between the ...
A root system which does not arise from such a combination, such as the systems A 2, B 2, and G 2 pictured to the right, is said to be irreducible. Two root systems ( E 1 , Φ 1 ) and ( E 2 , Φ 2 ) are called isomorphic if there is an invertible linear transformation E 1 → E 2 which sends Φ 1 to Φ 2 such that for each pair of roots, the ...
The resulting identity is one of the most commonly used in mathematics. Among many uses, it gives a simple proof of the AM–GM inequality in two variables. The proof holds in any commutative ring. Conversely, if this identity holds in a ring R for all pairs of elements a and b, then R is commutative. To see this, apply the distributive law to ...