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The vocal folds in motion. The larynx is a major (but not the only) source of sound in speech, generating sound through the rhythmic opening and closing of the vocal folds. To oscillate, the vocal folds are brought near enough together such that air pressure builds up beneath the larynx.
When this drop becomes sufficiently large, the vocal folds start to oscillate. The minimum pressure drop required to achieve phonation is called the phonation threshold pressure (PTP), [1] [2] and for humans with normal vocal folds, it is approximately 2–3 cm H 2 O. The motion of the vocal folds during oscillation is mostly lateral, though ...
As pitch rises, the vocal folds increase in length and in tension, and their edges become thinner. If a speaker or singer holds any of the three factors constant and interferes with the progressive state of change, the laryngeal function of the voice becomes static and eventually breaks occur, resulting in obvious changes in vocal quality.
The cricothyroid muscle produces tension and elongation of the vocal cords. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] They draw up the arch of the cricoid cartilage and tilt back the upper border of the cricoid cartilage lamina. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] The distance between the vocal processes and the angle of the thyroid is increased, elongating [ 3 ] and thus tensing the vocal folds ...
The muscles of the larynx adjust the length and tension of the vocal folds to 'fine-tune' pitch and tone. The articulators (the parts of the vocal tract above the larynx consisting of tongue, palate, cheek, lips, etc.) articulate and filter the sound emanating from the larynx and to some degree can interact with the laryngeal airflow to ...
The lower pair of folds are known as the vocal cords, which produce sounds needed for speech and other vocalizations. The slit-like space between the left and right vocal cords, called the rima glottidis, is the narrowest part of the larynx. The vocal cords and the rima glottidis are together designated as the glottis.
Vocal fold lesions such as a vocal fold nodule or other changes in the vocal fold mucosa can lead to increased tension in the larynx and cause dysphonia. [2] Larynogopharyngeal reflux, a process that is similar to GERD, can bring stomach acid into the larynx. This can provoke the larynx to tense to prevent the aspiration of the acid. [3]
Holding the vocal folds more tightly together results in a creaky voice. The tension across the vocal folds is less than in modal voice, but they are held tightly together resulting in only the ligaments of the vocal folds vibrating. [e] The pulses are highly irregular, with low pitch and frequency amplitude. [65]