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The ATP is subsequently converted to adenosine by ecto-5′-nucleotidase. [10] Adenosine constricts the afferent arteriole by binding with high affinity to the A 1 receptors [11] [12] a G i /G o. Adenosine binds with much lower affinity to A 2A and A 2B [13] receptors causing dilation of efferent arterioles. [12]
The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery, which supplies blood to the kidneys.
[6] [7] An increase in the salt concentration causes several cell signals (e.g. adenosine release) that leads to constriction of the adjacent afferent arteriole. This decreases the amount of blood coming from the afferent arterioles to the glomerular capillaries, and therefore decreases the amount of fluid that goes from the glomerular ...
A decrease in sodium chloride concentration initiates a signal from the macula densa that has two effects: (1) it decreases resistance to blood flow in the afferent arterioles, which raises glomerular hydrostatic pressure and helps return the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) toward normal, and (2) it increases renin release from the ...
In the kidneys, angiotensin II constricts glomerular arterioles, having a greater effect on efferent arterioles than afferent. As with most other capillary beds in the body, the constriction of afferent arterioles increases the arteriolar resistance, raising systemic arterial blood pressure and decreasing the blood flow. However, the kidneys ...
In the absence of hydrostatic effects (e.g. standing), mean blood pressure decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries and capillaries due to viscous losses of energy. Mean blood pressure drops over the whole circulation, although most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and arterioles. [75]
adenosine - adenosine agonist, used primarily as an anti-arrhythmic [31] alpha blockers (block the vasoconstricting effect of adrenaline) [32] atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - a weak vasodilator [33] ethanol (alcohol) causes immediate vasodilation followed by increase in blood pressure [34] nitric oxide inducers l-arginine (a key amino acid) [35]
Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent SVTs, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. When adenosine is used to cardiovert an abnormal rhythm, it is normal for the heart to enter ventricular asystole for a few seconds. This can be disconcerting to a normally conscious patient, and is associated with angina-like ...